We have developed the effective algorithm for detecting digital binary phase-shift keyed signals. This algorithm requires a small number of arithmetic operations over the signal period. It can be relat ively easy implemented based on the modern programmable logic devices. It also provides high interference immunity by identifying signal presence when signal-to-noise ratio is much less that its working value in the receiving path. The introduced detector has int rinsic frequency selectivity and allows us to form the est imate of the noise level to realize the adaptive determination of decision threshold. In order to get confirmation of the detector operability and performance, we suggest the expressions for false alarm and missing probabilities. In addit ion, we have examine, both theoretically and experimentally, the influence of the detector parameters on its characterist ics.

In this paper, a Multiple Coupled CMOS LC Quadrature Oscillator (MC-QO) in order to generate quadrature signals with a favorable phase noise and low power consumption is presented. In this work, the core of oscillator is coupled by the different passive and active coupling techniques in each stage. The active dynamic current-clipping technique is applied in the active coupling network, which can provides phase shift alone and results into the phase error and phase noise corrections of output signal. However, the passive coupling technique is also used in order to increase the corrections further. The passive coupling network consists of one RLC filter that besides the inherent reduction of noise, it provides compensating phase for reducing the resonator phase shift (RPS) in order to improve phase noise, which is proven by the analysis results. Using two coupling paths has a big contribution for increasing the coupling factor’ s value, which leads to the improvement of output’ s phase accuracy. Meanwhile, the passive coupling network does not dissipate additional power. Moreover, the applied tail current-shaping technique in the source of tail current causes the improvement of circuit’ s performance. To confirm the validity of the proposed quadrature oscillator’ s performance and the presented analysis, the MC-QO is simulated in TSMC 0. 18RF-CMOS technology at 3. 38 GHz fundamental frequency. The power consumption is 4. 6 mW from 1. 8 V power supply, the phase noise is-128. 2 (dBc/Hz) @ 1MHz and-138. 5 (dBc/Hz) @ 3 MHz offset frequencies with the quality factor (Q10. 8). Eventually, the excellent Figure of Merit (FOM) of-192. 25 (dBc/HZ) at 1 MHz offset frequency is achieved.

In this paper, new topology of phase shifter is proposed that uses advantage of metamaterial and MEMS technology. The phase shifter is switched between two states of RH-and LH-TL having frequency passband unlike other proposed metamaterials which create the maximum phase shift from one unitcell. Analysis and design approach of the phase shifter is presented and the structure is simulated using 3D simulator. The phase shifter creates 180 degree phase shift with return loss and insertion loss that are better than 15 dB and 0. 25 dB in both states at frequency ranges of 1. 4-4. 4 GHz. Therefore, low loss, high bandwidth and high phase shift are the advantages of the new proposed phase shifter.

In this paper, a Low Noise Variable Gain Amplifier in Ka-frequency band is designed. This amplifier is digitally controlled by using switching transistors which change the gain with an accuracy of 5-bit resolution (32 steps). The output phase shift should be minimized within a Dynamic Range of 15 dB. The proposed structure includes a Low Noise Amplifier and a Variable Gain Amplifier, with common-source structure and degenerative inductor. In the proposed structure, the main gain is achieved by LNA and the switching control bits are used in two stages of the VGA. Simulation illustrates a Noise Figure of 5. 6 dB; bandwidth of 5. 34 GHz; S11, S22 less than-14 dB and Dynamic Range of 15 dB. By using a “ compensating inductor” in the source of switching transistors, the amount of phase shift was reduced, such that within the bandwidth of 1. 5 GHz it is less than 5 degrees. The post-layout simulation results, show a Dynamic Range of 18. 7 dB; a bandwidth of 2. 5 GHz; Noise Figure of 6. 4 dB and return losses less than-10 dB. In addition to it, In EM analysis, all inductors and major RF paths are evaluated by “ Sonnet” software.

In this paper, design and assembly of a new phase-shift range finder and also the cross-talk effect and the effect of intermediate frequency (IF) deviation on the range finder, is presented. Using the heterodyne technique, the system was able to measure very small phase-shifts, hence, considerably increasing the accuracy of the distance measurements. Since the major error in such systems is due to the phase measurement (counter-clock pulse), related to the cross-talk and the frequency shift, it was necessary to take especial steps to decrease these errors. Therefore, after testing the system, practically a simulation of the system was also carried out. Using the simulation results, the error due to the cross-talk was about 2% in the worst condition. The error related to the frequency changes was about zero, and the resolution due to the counter-clock pulse became 21 mm. Considering the signal to noise ratio of 20dB and the noise current of 42.8pA at the input current to voltage inverter, the lowest detectable optical power at the APD input, which the noise could be ignored, was 23 pW.

We obtain analytical expressions for the two-body T-martix and phase shift at high energy (~350 MeV) scattering using nonlocal rank-two separable potential of Mongan type. The potential parameters are adjusted by fitting the available experimental nucleon-nucleon high energy scattering phase shift data for two single channels 1D2 and 1P1 with the corresponding derived analytical expressions. The results indicate that the analytical expressions obtained for the phase shifts are succsseful in repoducing the nucleon-nucleon scattering data.

Introduction: Measuring magnetic induction phase shift (MIPS) changes as a function of cerebral hemorrhage volume has the potential for being a simple method for primary and non-contact detection of the occurrence and progress of cerebral hemorrhage. Our previous MIPS study showed that the intracranial pressure (ICP) was used as a contrast index and found the primary correlation between MIPS and ICP.Materials and Methods: In this study, we theoretically deduced the approximate relationship between MIPS and ICP and carried out a comparison study between MIPS and ICP on cerebral hemorrhage in rabbits in this study. Acute cerebral hemorrhage was induced by injecting autologous blood (3 to 6mL) into the brain of rabbits in the experimental group (n=7).Results: The animal experiment results showed that the MIPS decreased significantly as a function of injection volume in the experimental group and the changes of ICP and MIPS of rabbits from experimental group presented a negative correlation. We also found that the MIPS slopes of all experimental samples had a change trend from fastness to slowness with a reverse of the change of ICP.Conclusion: These observations suggested that the non-contact MIPS method might be valuable and potential for monitoring acute cerebral hemorrhage and obtaining the ICP information.